Vaccines And The Air Force And Mankind - 1823 Words

Vaccines are one of the most important chemistry evolvements in the history of both the Air Force and mankind. They have had a significant impact on the Air Force and the military as a whole. Vaccines were first described by the philosopher Thucydides in 430 B.C. when he said that man would not get the chicken pox twice due to previous exposure.6 This was then expanded on by Edward Jenner in 1796, when he created the first official smallpox vaccine and made it available to the public.2 Vaccines have become a highly debated topic in the medical field today. Although there are alleged negative side effects, the effectiveness of vaccines cannot be properly argued against. In figure 1 to the right, the cases of measles are shown over a 57 year period. Around 1965 when the vaccine was officially licensed, the number of cases dramatically dropped down to levels close to zero and has been steadily low ever since. Many think that this is a direct impact of vaccination. Others state increasi ngly clean standards of living and overall human advancement as the cause and discount the apparent achievements of vaccines. There have been many groups formed over the years that are against vaccines and try to show the public the ineffectiveness and danger of these immunizations. In 1870, the Anti Vaccination Society of America was formed.18 This led to many battles in court and one case went all the way to the Supreme Court. In 1905, the Supreme Court ruled against a man who did not want toShow MoreRelatedIs Consumerism Worth The Degradation Of Our Planet? Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pageshas been accelerating rapidly as the direct result of human alterations to the global environment. Unless significant action is taken now, global warming will likely become the single most important factor to affect wildlife since the emergence of mankind. One example of endangered species are the polar bears. They are in extreme danger of extinction essentially because of global warming. Due to rising temperatures, the Arctic, their natural habitat is being destroyed more each year. The atmosphereRead MoreThe Eradication of Smallpox Smallpox is a disease that has a very high infection rate within the1300 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease, having never encountered it before and wiping out a large numbers of their population. A century later the North American Indians suffered a similar devastation. An example of this was in 1763 when smallpox was used as a bio weapon by British forces in North America during the French and Indian war. The way they did this was they took the blankets that were used by smallpox patients and gave those blankets to the Indians and passed on the disease to them. This devastation allowed for easy conquestRead MoreDo Animals Have Rights. Animals Are Used To Test The Products3736 Words   |  15 Pageslife. Is it ethical or right to test our products on animals? If animal testing were not used, how would the safety of the products we use be insured? If animals were not used in medical testing, how would researchers come up with new medicines and vaccines? Different people have different opi nions about this issue. Arguments abound for both sides. In order to have an organized argument, there must first be an agreed upon standard by which the opposing sides of the arguments are judged. For the argumentRead More Do Animals Have Rights Essay3736 Words   |  15 Pages Is it ethical or right to test our products on animals? If animal testing were not used, how would the safety of the products we use be insured? If animals were not used in medical testing, how would researchers come up with new medicines and vaccines? Different people have different opinions about this issue. Arguments abound for both sides. In order to have an organized argument, there must first be an agreed upon standard by which the opposing sides of the arguments are judged. For theRead MoreTuberculosis As A System Of Biological Structures And Processes1723 Words   |  7 PagesTuberculosis Tuberculosis is a disease that has been familiar to mankind since the ancient times. According to Dr Ananya Manda, Strains of the Myobacterium tuberculosis have been found in relics from ancient Egypt, India, and China. During the 18th century, tuberculosis reached its peak in Western Europe with the disease causing 900 deaths per 100,000 people due to poor ventilation, overcrowded housing, primitive sanitation, and malnutrition during that time (Mandal, 2014). Today, a third of theRead MoreHow Does The Change Affect Our Environment?1624 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation has grown and how if this continues we will not be able to sustain our finite amount of resources. Then we will discuss how the regional density has changed and how this will continue to have negative consequences on the environment and mankind. After that, we will consider how life expectancy has increased and how this results in more people being alive around at the same time and how this has started to affect our resources. These factors above are the result of human innovation and howRead MoreDid Computers Really Change the World? Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesexternal defibrillator (AED), which according to the American Heart Association AEDs increases the survival rate from five percent to seventy percent in 450,000 Americans that die each year from sudden cardiac arrest. Without computers some of the vaccines that have saved millions of lives would have never been discovered must less distributed to that many people. Not only have computers saved a multitude of lives through healthcare, but computers have also saved lives by providing protection and securitiesRead More Ethical Implications of Chemical, Biological and Nuclear Warfare3193 Words   |  13 Pagesyears after they were introduced (Rose, 1968, p. 22). Mustard gases are far weaker than nerve gases, but long term exposure could produce the same effects (Hersh, 1968, p. 48). Nerve agents are among the deadliest chemical killers known to mankind (Hersh, 1968, p. 43). Nerve agents kill quickly because they act as anti-cholinesterases. They work by blocking the enzyme that degrades the nerve signal transmitter, acetylcholine (Hersh, 1968, p. 45; Rose, 1968, p. 23). This has two effects: firstRead MoreEssay on The Positive Relationship Between Science and Religion6961 Words   |  28 Pagessubject to the laws of physics and offered his scientific method to be one of simplicity or the minimal use of variables. His study of these areas suggest that they are directly linked to the Qur’an 41:53 where it is stated â€Å"We (Allah) will show you (mankind) Our signs/patterns in the horizons/universe and in yourselves until you are convinced that the revelation is the truth. when he states Therefore, the seeker after the truth is not one who studies the writings of the ancients and, following hisRead MoreSex Tourism Essay4993 Words   |  20 Pagesrec ent years Sex tourism is the most attracting and increasing sector in terms of tourism studies. There are increased research, paper work, books, articles and several magazines released in the market related to sex tourism. Today there are many forces at work in the normalization of the international sex industry (Jeffeys, 1997). As sex industry has immensely became most profitable. It almost exists in all the developing countries in one or the other form where only â€Å"sex† is been significant

Evaluating the Risk of Gender and Cultural Differences in...

Evaluation of the Risk of Gender Cultural Differences In International Organizations Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of gender cultural differences in international organizations and to assess the risk of assigning female staff pivotal roles in the organizations global effort. This study will answer as to where the American female business executive fits into the global endeavor considering the perceptions found in the global environment in terms of posing risks to the firms success. Introduction The work of Mahiya and Takabatake (nd) entitled Effects of Gender and Culture on Risk Assessment During Decision Making reports that decision making, an integral component of daily life varies greatly in what is a complex process and important to understand because it is influenced by factors that everyone relates to such as gender and culture. (p.3) Everyday choices are made by the individual but it is noted that decision making can also be affected by the decisions of others such as intimate family or friends, or as public as the government. (Mahiya and Takabatake, nd, p.3) I. Gender Based Decision Making Decision making can be understood as a sequential process that requires the individual to go through mental steps before coming to a conclusion. Some of the steps involve recognizing that a decision must be made, integrating previous knowledge to assess the present circumstances, producing alternative solutions, evaluatingShow MoreRelatedThe Global Economy Has Changed The Way The Corporations Do Business Today1622 Words   |  7 Pagesa greater variety of goods and services; and the competition to reach to the new markets with the right product is getting stronger among businesses. Globalization gives businesses better access to a global workforce, enables them to tap into international raw materials and financial resources. As the world economy is fast becoming a single interdependent system, businesses have competitors, customers, employees from anywhere in the world. As indicated in the article â€Å"Leading in a Globalizing World†Read MoreDiversity Leadership And Diversity Challenges Faced By Companies And Institutions Of All Sizes2129 Words   |  9 Pagesand diverse. Ewijk (2011) related diversity to differences between people, adding that there are three fundamental elements in defining diversity. Firstly, it the selection modes of differentiation, followed by the connection of the modes of differentiation and lastly the categorization of the identified modes of differentiation (Ewijk, 2011). This paper will identify a case study article associated to a diversity issue, particularly centered on gender equality, followed by the analysis of the caseRead MoreThe Ibadan Study Of Aging1613 Words   |  7 Pagesrecorded in a case record format. (A verbal autopsy survey was conducted during the 2007 wave for deaths occurring between 2003/2004 and 2007 but the results of that survey are not the focus of the present report). Baseline risk factors Several demographic, health and lifestyle risk factors and chronic conditions were assessed in 2003/2004. Participants were asked their age (in years), which in some was estimated rather than known. Residence was classified as rural (12,000 households), semi-urban (12Read MoreGlobal Cultural Analysis: Italy Essay3313 Words   |  14 PagesDiscussion of the idea above is the purpose of the cultural analysis. First, a cultural examination of Italy in comparison to the United States will provide specific compatibility information, to determine if an alliance between these two countries would be advantageous. Next, insight into possible implications for global mangers and potential strategies to successfully navigate foreign relations in Italy. Finally, concluding with Italy’s cultural sustainability and strength in supporting globalizationRead MoreThe First Global Attempt To Combat Trokosi Was Instated1699 Words   |  7 Pagesinstated in the International Covenant on Civi l and Political Rights of 1966, with the goal of ensuring individual liberties through the regulation of inhumane practices. More specifically, the covenant addresses slavery, forced, labor, and servitude, all constituted under Trokosi, as many of these cruel and unjust practices. A year later, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women to resist and challenge gender based partisanshipRead MoreResearch Sources : Sociocultural Barriers Data Essay2139 Words   |  9 PagesTo test my hypothesis, I utilize five separate research sources: sociocultural barriers data, causes of FGM, descriptive data from international rights sources, the prevalence of FGM in different countries, and data illustrating a decrease of FGM from 1985 to today. Though the practice has continued for many years, evidence suggests that FGM can end in one generation. To begin, my data analyzes psychological reasons behind FGM. It is pe rformed in order to control women’s sexuality, essentially thoughtRead MoreTo What Extent Do You Think It Is Possible for Leaders to Manipulate Organisational Culture to Achieve Improved Performance?4401 Words   |  18 PagesMSc in Security and Risk Management ‘To what extent do you think it is possible for leaders to manipulate organisational culture to achieve improved performance? Support your answer with examples from one or more organisations with which you are familiar’ 3777 words Organisational culture, which is defined by Handy (1993) as the concepts and ideas which govern the behaviour of people and organisations, has a significant impact on the effectiveness of an organisation. Handy listed over sixtyRead MoreEnhancing the Tourist Destination: An analysis of the Official Tourism Website of Indonesia1378 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscourse is the way language and communication are set into a frame of study in which describing the tourism as a powerful domain of existing social life (Hallett Kaplan-Weinger, 2010; Thurlow and Jaworski, 2010; Feighery, 2006). In spite of differences of emphasis, discourse is obviously important conception in understanding society responses to it, as well as of understanding the language itself (Jaworski Coupland, 2006). Hence, language plays the important role in tourism promotion to attractRead MoreA Comparative Study of Walmart6782 Words   |  28 Pages.†¦...2 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 3. Walmart and the Canadian Marketplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 A. Country Competitiveness B. Cultural Environment C. Political and Legal Environment D. Entry Strategies 4. Walmart and the Mexican Marketplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 A. Country Competitiveness B. Cultural Environment C. Political and Legal Environment D. Entry Strategies 5. Summary Comparison of Canadian and Mexican Markets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.18 6. Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreHow Culture Influenced The Values Rooted Within The Workplace1872 Words   |  8 Pagesof multiculturalism and diversity across many nations, understanding and practicing cultural etiquette within the business arena has never been of greater importance. Geert Hofstede, a well known leader in intercultural research and studies, conducted a comprehensive study in which he analyzed how culture influenced the values rooted within the workplace (The Hofstede Centre, 2016). Hofstede focused on evaluating nations based on the following dimensions in order to be better equipped culturally

Financial Planning of Organization

Questions: 1. Explain how you will set the price for your offering. Your pricing should be consistent with your financial objectives and address each of the following steps? 1. pricing goals profit-oriented, sales-oriented or status-quo oriented 2. forecast demand, costs and profits 3. pricing strategy penetration, skimming or status quo. Include an assessment of your price/product quality positioning 4. tactics for fine-tuning the base price. 5. Identify any further information needs to be filled and outline the marketing research (secondary, primary) required to do so. 2. Develop an approximate budget for the time horizon of your plan Covering the following elements? Revenue: Forecast sales volume in units multiplied by the average price Less: Cost of production Less: Cost of distribution Less: Marketing costs (from action plan) Projected profit. Answers: 1. A product which is properly identified and commercially produced suffers with the limits of the pricing the product appropriately. Pricing is an exercise which involves profit planning, finding out various alternatives available and thereby selecting the alternative which matches the best organisation practice. A wrong and incorrect pricing can lead to losses and loss in the market share of the business. Toddler bike is a student friendly, childrens bike. So we need to set its price keeping in mind the category of the customer i.e. the children. Also the pricing should be such which also meet the financial objective of the organisation. The product and its specification should be within the financial capacity of the concern. Now we can divide our discussion on the following points: 1) The Goals of Pricing: The goals and objective of the pricing can be profit oriented or can focus on the sales volume or the pricing can be made status quo oriented. In profit oriented pricing the management feels that the sole aim of the pricing strategy should the profit earning and nothing else. It may lead to profits in the short term but can be harmful in long term as the company can lose its customer due higher profits and higher prices. Secondly if the pricing goal is sales oriented then the volume increase should be the main focus of the pricing strategy. If the company wants to increase the sales volume, then the best way to do it to reduce the price of the product. But at the same time the profit of the company would be low. Lastly, if the company wants to maintain the prices quoted by the competitors then the same price as charged by the competitors shall be followed continuously. In this case there are chances that the company incur loss for a period of time. 2) Forecasting the demand, costs and profit: The three most important element of the pricing for a toddler bike are Cost, demand and the resultant profit to the organisation. The cost of the bike shall be added in such a way that the most accurate price is determined. The cost will include the cost of the parts, the labourer cost, overhead cost and other indirect cost which will be apportioned to the product on a reasonable basis. The demand shall be determined as per the other competitors there in the market. The profit element which is necessary for the growth of the business shall be predetermined such that the organisation is progressing to continue the business. 3) Pricing Strategies: The pricing strategy is dependent on the market it operates, the product introduced and the goal of the organisation. A penetration pricing strategy is one which is suitable for long term profit. It is applicable when a new product is introduced but already existing in market. In this strategy the price is very low at the initial stage in order to capture the market. Thereafter the price is increased which results in makeup of the previous losses. This pricing can be applied when the market is elastic one i.e. the market is reacting positively to any price movement. Skimming pricing is just the opposite of the penetration pricing. This pricing is made for the new product which is not there in the market and the price is high at first to cover the advertising expenses. This pricing is related to mobile phones. This is applicable for an inelastic market. The third pricing policy is the Status Quo pricing which focuses on the charging the prevailing prices. If we assume the market is pure competition then the Status Quo pricing shall be the best pricing strategy. 4) Tactics for fine tuning of the price: This part involves the discounts, other sale services like cash discount coupons etc which can be used to attract the customer. An example can be cash sale will entitle the customer with a 10% discount or a price coupon of a certain amount on next purchase, discounts with seasons etc. 5) Other Information required and the marketing research plan: The type of the market, the population composition and other details regarding the company and its production pattern (large scale or small scale) are other factors required to be determined to conclude about the proper marketing strategy. The primary marketing strategy would be directly related with the product and focussing on the primary market of the product. The secondary marketing strategies consist of determining the other factors which are necessary to increase or maintain the sale of the product. 2. Assuming the plan horizon is 3 months, the following budget can be made on the basis of assumptions notes at each stage. The cost of the production consists of the main parts of the bicycle, the safety parts, labour cost, machine costs, overhead and other costs. The sales related expenses include marketing costs, cost of supplying and distributing the cost to the customers. If we look at the WallMart website the price of a toddler bike 12 Huffy Disney Princess Girls Bike the price quoted is $62.97. The budget plan is for 3 months. Assuming the sales per month is 10000 units. Total Sales for the month is 10000*3= 30000 units. The average price for the 3 months is assumed as $62.00. The cost budget can be given as follows: Sl. No Particulars Details($) Amount($) 1 Revenue (30000 units) 30000*$62 per unit 1862000.00 2 Cost of Production ($30 p.u.) 30000*$30 per unit 900000.00 3 Cost of Distribution ($5 p.u.) 30000*$5 per unit 150000.00 4 Marketing Costs ($15 p.u.) 30000*$15 per unit 450000.00 5 Profit as projected ($7 p.u.) 1-2-3-4 362000.00 Assumptions: The cost of production is the major part of the cost which includes the cost of the parts, safety parts, labour costs, machine costs and other overheads. The cost of distribution is the least as there are many customers who directly take the delivery from our stores. The marketing cost is high since there are many competitors in the market who are also selling the same product at the same price. The profit is projected to be $7 per unit. Note: Since, the actual data is not given in the question; therefore the actual result may vary on the basis of market in which the company operates in, the cost elements of the enterprise, the actual population composition etc. The analysis of the cost and project profit is taken on arbitrary basis. The cost of marketing can be less in some cases and the cost of distribution can be high in cases where the delivery is to be made at the customers place.